Ankeny Row: Ukuhlala Ndawonye kwabantu abadala ePortland

Across the United States, aging baby boomers find themselves living in houses that once accommodated growing families but now feel oversized, difficult to maintain, and environmentally inefficient. Dick and Lavinia Benner, once in this exact situation, now reside in Ankeny Row—a Passive House (PH) cohousing community in Portland, Oregon, featuring five townhouses, one loft apartment, a community hall, and a shared courtyard garden. Their journey from concept to completion involved years of planning, countless meetings, and strategic collaboration.

Finding the Right Location and Partners

Ankeny Row is situated in a historic Portland neighborhood originally developed around streetcar transportation. Though the area experienced decline in the mid-20th century as automobiles became dominant, recent decades have seen revitalization, blending larger residential developments with high-end retail. In 2011, the Benners and another couple discovered the 12,600 ft² (1,170 m²) site that would eventually become Ankeny Row.

The founding residents approached their project methodically:

Interviewed nine architectural or design/build firms
Asked three finalists to participate in a design charrette
Selected Green Hammer Design-Build for their understanding of the project's core objectives and previous Passive House experience

These objectives went beyond typical construction goals, focusing on:

Minimizing environmental impact
Creating residences suitable for "aging in place"
Establishing a social gathering place for a like-minded community

Umdwebo Ophendulayo kwiMeko yeMarine yasePortland

Imeko yePortland—imvula, iintshukumo ezithambileyo zonyaka kunye neentsuku ezitshisayo, ezithambileyo zonyaka—iyafana neyeCentral Europe, yenza ukuba umgangatho wePassive House ube lula ukufezekisa ngokomqondo. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko kwiindlela zokwakha kunye nokufumaneka kwemveliso yokwakha kudale iingxaki zokufezekisa ezinciphayo njengoko iGreen Hammer ibandakanya amava akhula.

Kubakaki Daryl Rantis noDylan Lamar, ukhetho lwezithuthi zomthengi lokuba nekhaya lesikhumbuzo esiphakathi kube yisiseko sokuhlela indawo yonke:

Iindawo ezintathu ezihlelwe malunga nekhaya lesikhumbuzo esiphakathi
Ukubekwa kwezindlu ngendlela ehlakaniphile ukuze kukhuthazwe ukungena kwelanga
Indlu enye enezindlu ezimbini ezineziqithi eziphakamileyo ngasemva
Indlu yesibini enezindlu ezimbini phambi
Indlu yesithathu equlethe iindawo ezijolise kumgangatho ophakathi kunye ne-apartment ye-duplex ngaphezulu
Iiyunithi zokuhlala ezivela kwi-865 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,500 ft² (80–140 m²)

I-"Aha Moment": Ukufezekisa i-Net-Zero nge-Passive House

Umqondo obalulekileyo wavela ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokuyilwa. Ngokubeka phambili umgangatho we-Passive House kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu iimfuno zamandla zomphakathi, injongo ye-net-zero-energy (NZE) yabahlali yaba yinto enokufezekiswa ngenkqubo ye-photovoltaic efaka ngaphantsi kwekota yephondo elijolise eningizimu kwi ndlu yangasemva. Ubungakanani be-PV system buphela kwi-29 kW.

Le mveliso ibalaseleyo ibonisa umphakathi ophakathi kwemigaqo ye-Passive House kunye nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo—ukusebenzisa uyilo lwezakhiwo oluphucukileyo ukwenza imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ibe neendlela ezilula nezixabisa.

Ukukhetha Izinto: Ukubeka phambili Impilo kunye neSustainability

Ipalethi yezinto ye-Green Hammer ye-Ankeny Row igxile kwiindlela ezingabangeliyo umonakalo, ezihlala zihlala:

Ngama-90% eempawu zokwakha zenziwe ng wood okanye i-cellulose
I-lumber kunye ne wood eqinisekisiweyo ye-Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Iphondo lemetali elomeleleyo
Ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kwemveliso ye-foam, ikakhulu kwiimfundiso

Uhlelo lwezikhumbuzo lubonisa umphakathi ophakathi—lusebenzisa isikhumbuzo eshushu esifana ne "bathtub" ye-styrofoam egcwele i-concrete, kunye neendlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokuthambeka kwiimiphetho, iifootings zangaphakathi, kunye neendawo eziphakathi kweefotings.

Ukudibanisa Kweendonga: Ukusebenza Okuphezulu kunye Nokuvula Umoya

Uhlaka lweendonga lweAnkeny Row lufezekisa ixabiso elihle le-R elingama-50 ngokusebenzisa inkqubo eyilwe kakuhle:

2 × 6 intshi (8 × 24 mm) uhlaka lwezakhiwo (amanye amacango asebenzisa uhlaka lwe-2 × 4)
I-plywood yokwakha ibhiyozela ngaphandle kokwakha (kwicala elishushu lokufudumeza)
I-9.5-intshi (240 mm) I-joists eziphathekayo zikhululekile kwi-plywood
I-cellulose insulation egcwalisa i-I-joist cavities
I-fiberglass mat gypsum sheathing ngaphandle
I-membrane evulekileyo yokuhambisa umoya enezikhonkwane ezibophelelwe ukuvelisa imiqobo yokungena komoya kunye nezimo zokhuseleko

Le ndibano ivumela ukuhamba komoya kwiindawo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, igwema ukuhlanganiswa kokunxiba ngelixa igcina ukusebenza kokufudumeza okuphezulu.

Ukuqhubeka KweMiqobo Yomoya kunye noMphakamo

Uhlelo lwezithintelo zomoya lubonisa ukunakwa okukhulu kwiinkcukacha:

I-membrane ebophelelwe ibhiyozela ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kwi-foundation ukuya kumphakamo
Uxhumano oluqondileyo kumda we-concrete we-foundation (imigangatho yomoya kumgangatho)
I-monosloped wood trusses (28 intshi/700 mm ubukhulu) ezigcwalisiwe nge-cellulose insulation
Umjikelo wokuhambisa umoya phakathi kwe-trusses kunye ne-metal roofing edala i-assembly evulekileyo yokuhambisa umoya

Ukuyilwa kweSola yePhasika kunye nokuKhululeka kweMihla

Ukwakhiwa kusebenzisa ubume be-solar ngelixa kugwenywa ukushisa okugqithisileyo:

Iifestile ezinkulu kwiindawo ezijolise kumazantsi zandisa ukufumana ubushushu be-solar bonyaka
I-overhangs ezinzulu zihlamba iifestile eziphezulu kumazantsi ngexesha lehlobo
I-awning zikhusela iifestile ezingezantsi kunye neefestile zomhlaba
Ukucaciswa ngokucophelela kwezinto eziphumayo (i-awning, i-balkoni) ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kobushushu
Iifestile ezibekwe ngokuqwalasela zenza ukuhamba komoya kwe-stack kunye ne-cross ukuze kubandeleke ebusuku
Iifeni ze ceiling kwiiyunithi ezithile zandisa ukhululeka ngelixa kusemva kokusebenzisa amandla

Iinkqubo zeMishini: I-Minimalist kodwa Esemgangathweni

Iyunithi nganye ibonisa umjikelo okhethiweyo weenkqubo zemishini:

I-ventilator ye-heat-recovery yomntu ngamnye ibonelela ngomoya omtsha oqhubekayo
I-mini-split heat pumps zokufudumeza ezongezelelweyo kunye nokupholisa okukhawulezayo
I-heat pump water heaters ezifakwe kwiindawo zokugcina zangaphandle ukuze kugwenywe umsindo ngelixa kuthathwa ubushushu emoyeni opholileyo
Iziphumo eziphezulu ze-Energy Star
Ukukhanya okupheleleyo kwe-fluorescent okanye i-LED

I-solar kunye nobushushu bangaphakathi kulindeleke ukuba baphakame i-67% yemfuno yokufudumeza unyaka, kunye ne-mini-splits ezibandakanya ingqokelela.

Ukumodela Iingxaki kunye Nokusetyenziswa Kwamandla Kwangempela

Ukusebenzisa i-Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) ukuze kumodelwe ngaxeshanye iibhulorho ezintathu ezinxulumene nazo kubangele iingxaki. U-Dylan Lamar's ubexperience kwiiprojekthi zePassive House kwiPacific Northwest umvumele ukuba akhethe iisampulu eziza kuhlangabezana neemfuno zonyaka zokufudumeza kunye nezibalo zamandla aphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, xa efaka ubungakanani besistim ye-PV, uLamar waphosa kwi-PHPP defaults yeplagi loads kunye nezixhobo. Iingxelo zakhe zikhupha iingcinga ezinomdla:

Nokuba abathengi baseMelika abakhathaleli imvelo bahlala besebenzisa amandla amaninzi kune-PHPP default assumptions
Abahlali bePassive House baseYurophu ngokubanzi bahlala ngaphakathi kwe-PHPP defaults
Ukuze kumodelwe ngokwenene, uLamar ufaka iibhili zeemali zangaphambili zabathengi ukuze ahlolisise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungafudumezi/okupholisa kwexesha elizayo

Iindleko: Amava ANCIPHISA iPremium

Ngokutsho kukaLamar, i-premium yeendleko zokwakha ngokwemigangatho yePassive House ibonisa ingxenye encinci ye-bhajethi yeprojekthi jikelele. Njengoko iGreen Hammer ifumene amava kwaye yaphuhlisa ubudlelwane nabaphantsi abaziingcali kwiindlela zokwakha zePassive House, ezinye izinto—njengokukhetha kokugqiba kunye nezinto zokusebenza—zineempembelelo ezinkulu kwiindleko zokugqibela kunezikhumbuzo eziphezulu.

Passive House Metrics

Iprojekthi egqityiweyo ifumene amanani okusebenza aphawulekayo:

Heating energy: 1.37–2.09 kWh/ft²/year (14.76–22.46 kWh/m²/a)
Cooling energy: 0.07–0.21 kWh/ft²/year (0.73–2.27 kWh/m²/a)
Total source energy: 12.07–14.83 kWh/ft²/year (130–160 kWh/m²/a)
Treated floor area: 1,312–3,965 ft² (122–368 m²)
Air leakage: 0.5–1.0 ACH50

Ankeny Row ibonisa ukuba imigaqo yePassive House ingabhekana ngempumelelo neemfuno ezininzi ngaxeshanye—ibonelela ngekhaya elinokuthuthuzela, elisebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo apho abahlali banokuguga bejolise kumphakathi kwaye kuncitshiswe umphumo kwiimeko zempilo. Njengoko abaninzi bebaby boomers befuna iindlela zokunciphisa ezizinzileyo, le projekthi yePortland ibonelela ngamaqhinga abalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kunye neenjongo zentlalo.