Ankeny Row: Gidan Hadin Gwiwa ga Masu Kwarewa a Portland

A cikin Amurka, tsofaffin 'yan kasuwa suna samun kansu a cikin gidajen da a da suka dace da iyalai masu girma amma yanzu suna jin suna da girma, wahala a kula da su, kuma ba su da inganci ga muhalli. Dick da Lavinia Benner, wadanda a da suna cikin wannan yanayin, yanzu suna zaune a Ankeny Row—wannan wani al'umma na Gidan Passive (PH) a Portland, Oregon, wanda ke dauke da gidaje guda biyar, wani dakin loft, dakin taro na al'umma, da kuma lambun da aka raba. Tafiyarsu daga ra'ayi zuwa kammalawa ta shafi shekaru na shiri, taruka da dama, da hadin gwiwa mai ma'ana.

Neman Wurin da ya Dace da Abokan Hulɗa

Ankeny Row yana cikin wani tarihi na unguwar Portland da aka kirkiro a kusa da sufuri na tafiye-tafiye. Duk da cewa yankin ya fuskanci raguwa a tsakiyar karni na 20 yayin da motoci suka zama masu rinjaye, shekaru na baya-bayan nan sun ga farfadowa, suna hade manyan ci gaban gidaje tare da kasuwancin inganci. A shekarar 2011, Benners da wani ma'aurata sun gano wurin da ya kai 12,600 ft² (1,170 m²) wanda daga bisani zai zama Ankeny Row.

Masu zaune na farko sun yi nazari kan aikin su cikin tsari:

• Sun yi hira da kamfanoni guda tara na gine-gine ko zane/gina
• Sun nemi masu gasa guda uku su halarci wani taron zane
• Sun zabi Green Hammer Design-Build saboda fahimtarsu game da muhimman manufofin aikin da kuma kwarewar su a Gidan Passive

Wannan manufofin sun wuce burin gini na yau da kullum, suna mai da hankali kan:

1. Rage tasirin muhalli
2. Kirkirar gidaje masu dacewa da "tsufa a wuri"
3. Kafa wuri na taron zamantakewa ga al'umma mai tunani iri daya

Tsarin Zane Mai Amfani da Yanayi a Muhallin Ruwa na Portland

Yanayin Portland—mai ruwa, sanyi mai laushi a lokacin hunturu da kuma rana mai kyau, mai laushi a lokacin zafi—yana da kamanceceniya da Tsakiyar Turai, wanda ke sa ka'idojin Gidan Passive su zama masu sauƙin aiwatarwa a ka'idar. Duk da haka, bambance-bambancen a cikin hanyoyin gini da samuwar kayayyakin gini sun haifar da kalubale wajen aiwatarwa wanda ya ragu tare da ƙarin kwarewar Green Hammer.

Ga masu zane Daryl Rantis da Dylan Lamar, son abokan ciniki na ginin lambun tsakiya ya zama ka'idar tsara shafin gaba ɗaya:

• Gine-gine uku da aka tsara a kusa da lambun tsakiya
• Tsarin ginin da aka tsara don ƙara shigar hasken rana
• Ginin daya tare da gidaje biyu na hawa biyu a bayan
• Ginin na biyu tare da gidaje biyu a gaban
• Ginin na uku yana dauke da wuraren taro a bene na farko tare da gidan duplex a sama
• Units na zama suna daga 865 zuwa ƙasa da 1,500 ft² (80–140 m²)

"Aha Moment": Cimma Net-Zero tare da Gidan Passive

Wani muhimmin fahimta ya bayyana tun a farkon tsarin zane. Ta hanyar ba da fifiko ga ka'idar Gidan Passive da kuma rage bukatun makamashi na al'umma sosai, burin mazauna na cimma net-zero-energy (NZE) ya zama mai yiwuwa tare da tsarin photovoltaic da ke rufe kasa da rabi na yankin rufin da ke fuskantar kudu a kan ginin baya. Jimlar ƙarfin tsarin PV shine 29 kW.

Wannan kyakkyawan mafita yana wakiltar haɗin gwiwar ka'idodin Gidan Passive tare da samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa—ta amfani da zane gini mai inganci don sanya tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa ya fi zama mai amfani da kuma arha.

Zaɓin Kayan: Ba da fifiko ga Lafiya da Dorewa

Palette kayan Green Hammer don Ankeny Row ya mai da hankali kan zaɓuɓɓukan da ba su da guba, masu dorewa:

• Kusan 90% na abubuwan ginin an yi su ne daga itace ko cellulose
• Itacen da aka tabbatar da shi daga Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) da itacen da aka gama
• Rufin ƙarfe mai ɗorewa
• Amfani da kayayyakin foam a iyakance, musamman a cikin tushe

Tsarin tushe yana nuna sulhu mai ma'ana—ta amfani da tushe mai rufi wanda ya yi kama da "tub" na styrofoam da aka cika da siminti, tare da bambance-bambancen kauri a gefen, tushe na ciki, da wuraren filin tsakanin tushe.

Wall Assembly: High-Performance and Vapor-Open

Ankeny Row's wall assembly achieves an impressive R-value of approximately 50 through a thoughtfully engineered system:

• 2 × 6 inches (8 × 24 mm) structural framing (wasu bangon suna amfani da 2 × 4 framing)
• Structural plywood sheathing exterior to the framing (a gefen dumi na insulation)
• 9.5-inch (240 mm) wood I-joists furred out from the sheathing
• Dense-pack cellulose insulation filling the I-joist cavities
• Fiberglass mat gypsum sheathing on the exterior
• Diffusion-open membrane with taped seams forming air and weather-resistant barriers

This assembly allows vapor diffusion to both interior and exterior, avoiding moisture accumulation while maintaining exceptional thermal performance.

Air Barrier Continuity and Roof Design

The air barrier system demonstrates meticulous attention to detail:

• Taped membrane wraps continuously from foundation to roof
• Direct connection to the foundation's concrete edge (the air barrier at ground level)
• Monosloped wood trusses (28 inches/700 mm deep) filled with cellulose insulation
• Ventilation channel between trusses and metal roofing creating a vapor-open assembly

Tsarin Zane na Haske na Hasken Rana da Jin Dadi na Lokaci

Tsarin yana amfani da juyin hasken rana yayin da yake hana zafi mai yawa:

• Manyan tagogi a gefen kudu suna ƙara samun zafin hasken rana na hunturu
• Manyan rufin suna rufe tagogin kudu na bene na sama a lokacin zafi
• Rufe rufin suna kare tagogin bene na ƙasa da na ƙasa
• Kulawa da ƙira na abubuwan da ke fitowa (rufe rufin, balkon) don rage haɗin zafi
• Tagogin da aka sanya a cikin tsari suna ba da damar iska mai jujjuyawa da iska mai tsallake don sanyaya dare
• Fan na rufin a wasu ɗakunan suna ƙara jin daɗi tare da ƙaramin amfani da wutar lantarki

Tsarin Injiniya: Mai Sauƙi Amma Mai Tasiri

Kowane ɗaki yana da zaɓin tsarin injiniya da aka zaɓa da kyau:

• Ventilator mai dawo da zafi na mutum wanda ke ba da iska sabuwa a kowane lokaci
• Mini-split heat pumps don ƙarin zafi da sanyaya lokaci-lokaci
• Heat pump water heaters da aka girka a cikin ajiyar waje don guje wa hayaniya yayin da suke fitar da zafi daga iska mai zafi
• Kayayyakin da aka tantance da Energy Star na matakin sama
• Haske na duk-fluorescent ko LED

Ana sa ran samun zafin rana da zafin ciki zai bayar da 67% na bukatar zafi na shekara, tare da mini-splits suna kula da sauran.

Kalubale na Tsarin Samfura da Amfani da Makamashi a Duniya

Amfani da Kunshin Tsarin Gida na Passive House (PHPP) don tsara ginin gine-gine guda uku da aka haɗa ya kawo kalubale. Kwarewar Dylan Lamar tare da ayyukan Passive House a Pacific Northwest ta ba shi damar zaɓar tarin abubuwa da za su cika burin bukatun dumama na shekara da makamashi na farko.

Duk da haka, lokacin da yake tantance tsarin PV, Lamar ya tilasta wa ya canza daga tsoffin zaɓuɓɓukan PHPP don kayan haɗi da na'urori. Abubuwan da ya lura suna ba da haske mai ban sha'awa game da al'adu:

• Ko da kuwa abokan ciniki na Amurka masu kula da muhalli suna amfani da makamashi fiye da tunanin tsoffin PHPP
• Masu zaune a Gidajen Passive na Turai yawanci suna rayuwa cikin tsoffin PHPP
• Don samun ingantaccen tsarin samfur, Lamar yana haɗa tsoffin takardun biyan kuɗin abokan ciniki don kimanta amfani da makamashi na gaba ba tare da dumama/ sanyaya ba

La'akari da Farashi: Kwarewa tana Rage Farashi

A cewar Lamar, karin farashin gina bisa ka'idojin Gidan Passive House yana wakiltar wani ɓangare mai ƙanƙanta na kasafin kuɗin aikin gaba ɗaya. Yayin da Green Hammer ta samu kwarewa da haɓaka alaƙa tare da masu aikin da suka saba da hanyoyin ginin Gidan Passive, wasu abubuwa—kamar zaɓin kammala da zaɓin kayan aiki—suna da tasiri mai girma akan farashin ƙarshe fiye da murfin aiki mai kyau.

Ma'aunin Gidan Passive

An kammala aikin da ya samu kyawawan lambobin aiki:

• Makamashi na dumama: 1.37–2.09 kWh/ft²/year (14.76–22.46 kWh/m²/a)
• Makamashi na sanyaya: 0.07–0.21 kWh/ft²/year (0.73–2.27 kWh/m²/a)
• Jimlar makamashi daga tushe: 12.07–14.83 kWh/ft²/year (130–160 kWh/m²/a)
• Yankin bene da aka kula da shi: 1,312–3,965 ft² (122–368 m²)
• Fitar iska: 0.5–1.0 ACH50

Ankeny Row yana nuna cewa ka'idojin Gidan Passive na iya magance bukatu da dama a lokaci guda—yana bayar da gidaje masu jin dadi da inganci na makamashi inda mazauna za su iya tsufa a inda suke yayin da suke karfafa haɗin gwiwar al'umma da rage tasirin muhalli. Yayin da karin masu haihuwa ke neman zaɓuɓɓukan raguwa masu dorewa, wannan aikin na Portland yana bayar da darussa masu mahimmanci a haɗa ingancin fasaha da manufofin zamantakewa.